This thesis examines the Patriot War (1837-1838) and Fenian Raids (1866-1871) within the context of Canadian development, Anglo-American relations, and the challenge of border security during the nineteenth century. The Patriot War and Fenian Raids are examined as case studies on the same border occurring roughly thirty years apart. The development of Canadian identity and institutions directly affected the relationship between the United States and Great Britain, which developed considerably between 1837 and 1871. The development of this relationship, particularly after the War of 1812, was the product of significant diplomatic effort. In addition to diplomacy, the U.S. Army was also employed to enforce American neutrality and to deter or capture filibusters in the United States and Canada. Developing into a more professional force during this time period, the Army helped secure America's frontiers while handling conflicts with Native Americans and developing internal improvements. Ultimately, both the Patriots and Fenians failed due to internal factors within each organization, the Anglo-American relationship, and the actions of the U.S. Army.

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